Oral Cancer
Overview
Oral cancer is a type of cancer that affects the mouth and throat, and it usually presents as a growth or sore that does not go away. Oral cancer can develop in various parts of the mouth, including the lips, tongue, cheeks, floor of the mouth, hard and soft palate, sinuses, and pharynx (throat), and it can be life-threatening if not detected and treated early. Early diagnosis of oral cancer is crucial for successful treatment, but unfortunately, most people receive a diagnosis when the condition has already progressed significantly. However, if individuals regularly visit their dentist or doctor and learn how to recognize suspicious changes, they are more likely to receive an early diagnosis, which can significantly improve their chances of successful treatment.
There are several risk factors for developing oral cancer, including:
- Tobacco use, including smoking or using smokeless tobacco
- Heavy alcohol consumption
- A diet low in fruits and vegetables
- Exposure to HPV (human papillomavirus)
- A weakened immune system
- Prolonged exposure to sunlight (in the case of lip cancer)
If you experience any of the symptoms of oral cancer or have any concerns about your risk, it’s important to see a dentist or healthcare professional for an evaluation. Early detection is key to successful treatment, which may include surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.
Symptoms
A sore or ulcer in the mouth that does not heal within 2-3 weeks
A lump or thickening of the skin or lining of the mouth
Red or white patches on the lining of the mouth or tongue
Pain or difficulty when swallowing or speaking
A persistent sore throat or hoarseness
Numbness or tingling in the mouth or tongue.
Loose teeth or a change in the fit of dentures
Treatments
The treatment of oral cancer depends on several factors, including the type and stage of cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health and personal preferences. Treatment options for oral cancer may include one or more of the following:
- Surgery: Surgical removal of the tumor is often the first treatment option for oral cancer, especially if the cancer is localized and has not spread to other areas of the body.
- Radiation therapy: High-energy radiation is used to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation therapy may be used alone or in combination with other treatments.
- Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It is often used in combination with radiation therapy or surgery.
- Targeted therapy: Targeted therapy drugs target specific genes or proteins in cancer cells to slow or stop their growth.
- Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy drugs help the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
- Reconstructive surgery: After tumor removal, reconstructive surgery may be necessary to restore the appearance and function of the affected area.
Treatment for oral cancer can be challenging, and it often involves a multidisciplinary approach with a team of specialists, including an oral surgeon, radiation oncologist, medical oncologist, and plastic surgeon. The goal of treatment is to remove the cancer while preserving as much function and appearance as possible. It is important to note that early detection and treatment of oral cancer can significantly improve the chances of successful treatment and long-term survival.
Oral cancer is a type of cancer that affects the mouth and throat.
- Unexplained bleeding in the mouth
- Persistent sores
- Difficulty chewing
- Dramatic weight loss
